How to choose suitable parameters for Dalian shot blasting processing?

As an important surface treatment technology, Dalian shot blasting is widely used in various industrial fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, shot blasting processing will develop towards intelligence, environmental protection, high efficiency, and multifunctionality, providing more efficient, environmentally friendly, and reliable surface treatment solutions for industrial production.

With the development of Industry 4.0, shot blasting is moving towards automation and intelligence. Modern shot blasting equipment gradually introduces robot technology, sensor technology, and intelligent control systems, which can achieve automatic loading and unloading of workpieces, automatic parameter adjustment, and process monitoring, further improving production efficiency and processing quality.

How to choose suitable parameters for Dalian shot blasting processing?

Workpiece material

For materials with high hardness, such as alloy steel, quenched steel, etc., larger diameter pellets and higher shot blasting speeds are required to obtain sufficient impact force to achieve cleaning or strengthening effects. For example, when strengthening alloy steel workpieces with a hardness of HRC50-60, pellets with a diameter of 1.0-1.5mm can be selected, and the shot blasting speed can be controlled at 70-90m/s.

For softer materials such as aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc., smaller diameter pellets and lower shot blasting speeds should be used to avoid excessive damage to the surface of the workpiece. For aluminum alloy workpieces, pellets with a diameter of 0.3-0.8mm are usually used, and the shot blasting speed is between 30-50m/s.

Shape and size of workpiece

For workpieces with complex shapes, such as those with deep holes, grooves, blind holes, etc., it is necessary to choose smaller projectile diameters and lower shot blasting speeds to ensure that the projectiles can fully enter these areas for processing, while avoiding excessive accumulation or local damage caused by projectiles in these areas. For example, for molds with deep holes, pellets with a diameter of 0.5-0.8mm can be selected, and the shot blasting speed should be controlled between 40-60m/s.

Large workpieces usually require a larger shot blasting volume and higher shot blasting speed to improve processing efficiency and ensure uniform treatment of the entire workpiece surface. For small workpieces, the shot blasting volume and speed can be appropriately reduced. For example, when dealing with large steel structural components, the shot blasting rate can be set to 5-10t/h and the shot blasting speed to 60-80m/s; For small mechanical parts, the shot blasting volume may only require 1-3t/h and the shot blasting speed may be 40-60m/s.

Processing Purpose

If cleaning impurities such as oxide scale, rust, oil stains, etc. on the surface of the workpiece, parameters can be selected based on the thickness and hardness of the impurities. Generally speaking, when the impurities are thick and the hardness is high, a larger projectile diameter, higher shot blasting speed, and shot blasting volume are required. For example, for castings with thick oxide skin on the surface, pellets with a diameter of 1.0-1.5mm can be used, with a shot blasting speed of 70-90m/s and a shot blasting rate of 3-8t/h.

If strengthening treatment is carried out to improve the mechanical properties such as surface hardness, fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance of the workpiece, the parameters should be adjusted according to the material and specific performance requirements of the workpiece. Usually, it is necessary to choose the appropriate diameter of the projectile, higher shot blasting speed, and appropriate shot blasting amount to form a certain depth of strengthening layer on the surface of the workpiece. If strengthening treatment is carried out on the crankshaft of an automobile engine, pellets with a diameter of 0.8-1.2mm can be used, with a shot blasting speed of 70-80m/s and a shot blasting volume of 2-5t/h.

Surface quality requirements

If high roughness is required on the surface of the workpiece to increase coating adhesion or improve appearance, the diameter of the projectile and shot blasting speed can be appropriately increased. For example, for workpieces that require spraying treatment, in order to better adhere the coating, the surface roughness can be controlled at Ra3.2-6.3 μ m. At this time, pellets with a diameter of 0.8-1.2mm and a shot blasting speed of 50-70m/s can be selected.

If high requirements are placed on the flatness and smoothness of the workpiece surface, such as precision instrument parts, optical components, etc., smaller shot diameters, lower shot blasting speeds and amounts should be selected to avoid excessive unevenness or scratches on the surface. For example, for shot blasting treatment of precision gears, in order to ensure the accuracy of their tooth surface, a shot with a diameter of 0.3-0.6mm can be selected, with a shot blasting speed of 30-50m/s and a shot blasting volume of 1-3t/h.

Production efficiency requirements

In large-scale production, in order to improve production efficiency, higher shot blasting speed and larger shot blasting volume are usually used, but it should be noted that the quality of the workpiece should not be sacrificed as a result. For example, in the mass production of automotive parts, the shot blasting speed can be set at 60-90m/s and the shot blasting volume can be 3-10t/h according to the specific situation of the workpiece. At the same time, by optimizing the layout and process flow of the shot blasting equipment, the loading and unloading time of the workpiece can be reduced, and the overall production efficiency can be improved.

For the production of small batches and high-precision workpieces, production efficiency is relatively secondary, and more emphasis is placed on processing quality. At this time, shot blasting parameters should be finely adjusted according to the specific requirements of the workpieces to ensure that each workpiece can achieve high-quality processing results.

Shot blasting is widely used for surface cleaning of metal workpieces, removing impurities such as oxide scale, rust, welding slag, etc., to achieve a certain degree of cleanliness on the surface of the workpiece, preparing for subsequent painting, electroplating and other processes. Through shot blasting processing, a certain amount of compressive stress can be generated on the surface of the workpiece, improving its fatigue strength and corrosion resistance. This method is commonly used for automotive parts, aerospace parts, engineering machinery parts, etc.

The core equipment for shot blasting processing is the shot blasting machine, which mainly consists of shot blasting wheels, shot blasting chambers, abrasive recovery systems, dust removal systems, and other parts. Shot blasting wheel is a key component of shot blasting machine, and its speed and structure directly affect the ejection speed and uniformity of abrasive. The shot blasting room is a closed space for impact treatment of workpieces and abrasives, usually designed with wear-resistant lining to extend its service life. The abrasive recycling system is used to collect and reuse used abrasives, while the dust removal system is used to remove dust generated during the processing, ensuring a clean and safe working environment.